Analysis of Supply and Demand to Enhance Educational Tourism Experience in the Smart Park of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

research
  • 28 May
  • 2018

Analysis of Supply and Demand to Enhance Educational Tourism Experience in the Smart Park of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The Smart Park (also known as Taman Pintar) is a major educational tourist destination in Yogyakarta, which offers a variety of attractions that are very interesting for tourists. The main purpose of tourists visiting Smart Park is to obtain an educational tourism experience. This subjective experience raises specific challenges for Smart Park as it works towards being a competitive destination. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects of the educational tourism experience that are affected by tourism demand and supply. Data were collected from surveys that were sent to 150 respondents and were analyzed using path analysis. The results show that tourism demand and supply contributed to the variation of tourism activities by 45.1%, while the remaining was explained by other variables, such as national budget, local budget, ticket sale, and cooperation with some stakeholders. Tourism supply had a higher effect than tourism demand. Tourism demand did not particularly affect tourism experience. However, the results of the path analysis indicate that tourism supply had direct and indirect effects on tourism experience through the variation of tourism activities, with the indirect effect being the most predominant. In the management of Smart Park, there is still a gap between tourism demand and supply, so the tourism experience has not been maximized to its full potential.

REFERENSI

  1. Aho, Seppo K. 2001. Towards a general theory of touristic experiences: Modelling experience process in tourism. Tourism Review 56: 33–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Ankomah, Paul K., and Trent R. Larson. 2002. Education Tourism: A Strategy to Suistainable Tourism Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Available online: http: //unpan1.un.org/ intradoc/ groups/public/documents/idep/unpan002585.pdf(accessed on 19 January 2015).
  3. Berry, Leonard L., Lewis P. Carbone, and Stephan H. Haeckel. 2002. Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Management Review 43: 85–88. [Google Scholar]
  4. Binkhorst, Esther. 2005a. Creativity in the experience economy, towards the co-creation tourism experience? Paper presented at the Presentation at the Annual ATLAS Conference ‘Tourism, Creativity and Development’, Barcelona, Spain, October. [Google Scholar]
  5. Binkhorst, Esther. 2005b. The co-creation tourism experience. Available online: http://www.esade.edu/cedit2006/pdfs2006/papers/esther_binkhorst_paper_esade_may_06.pdf (accessed on 7 November 2017).
  6. Brunner-Sperdin, Alexandra, and Mike Peters. 2009. What influences guests' emotions? The case of high-quality hotels. International Journal of Tourism Research 11: 171–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Buhalis, Dimitrios. 2000. Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management 21: 97–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Central Bureau of Statistics. 2013. Data Statistik Tahun 2013. Available online: https://yogyakarta.bps.go.id/ (accessed on 15 February 2014).
  9. Cohen, Eric H. 2008. Youth Tourism to Israel. Educational Experiences of the Diaspora. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. [Google Scholar]
  10. Cooper, Chris, and Colin Michael Hall. 2008. Contemporary Tourism: An International Approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [Google Scholar]
  11. Crouch, Geoffrey I., and Brent J. Ritchie. 1999. Tourism. Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research 44: 137–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Jeremy Hunter. 2003. Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies 4: 185–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Dwyer, Larry, and Chulwon Kim. 2003. Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators. Current Issues in Tourism 6: 369–414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Echeverri, Per. 2005. Video-based Methodology: Capturing Real-time Perceptions of Customer Processes. International Journal of Service Industry Management 16: 199–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Formica, Sandro. 2001. Measuring Destination Attractiveness: A proposed Framework. Paper presented at the International Business Conference, Miami, FL, USA, December 19–21. [Google Scholar]
  16. Frechtling, Douglas C. 2001. Forecasting Tourism Demand: Methods and Strategies. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghozali, Imam. 2008. Model Persamaan Struktural Konsep dan Aplikasi Dengan Program Amos 16.0. Semarang: Diponegoro University. [Google Scholar]
  18. Goeldner, R. Charles, and Brent J. R. Ritchie. 2006. Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies, 10th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. [Google Scholar]
  19. Hassan, Salah. 2000. Determinants of Market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism Industry. Journal of Travel Research 38: 239–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Horrigan, David. 2009. Branded Content: A New Model For Driving Tourism Via Film And Branding Strategies. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism 4: 51–65. [Google Scholar]
  21. Kamenidou, Irene, Spyridon Mamalis, and Contantinos-Vasilios Priporas. 2009. Measuring Destination Image and Consumer Choice Criteria: The Case of Mykonos Island. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism4: 67–79. [Google Scholar]
  22. Kim, Jeongmi, and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. 2015. Sharing Tourism Experiences: The Postrip Experience. Journal of Travel Research 56: 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  23. Kim, Jong-Hyeong, Brent J. R. Ritchie, and Bryan McCormick. 2012. Development of a Scale to Measure Memorable Tourism Experience. Journal of Travel Research51: 12–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  24. Kozak, Metin, and Mike Rimmington. 1999. Measuring tourist destination competitiveness: Conceptual considerations and empirical findings. Hospitality Management 18: 273–83. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/2338968/Measuring_tourist_destination_competitiveness_conceptual_considerations_and_empirical_findings (accessed on 20 January 2016). [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Larsen, Svein. 2007. Aspects of a Psychology of the Tourist Experience. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 7: 7–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Mitchell, Bruce. 2001. Resource and Environmental Management. London: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  27. Mossberg, Lena. 2007. A Marketing Approach to the Tourist Experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 7: 59–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  28. Oh, Haemoon, Ann Marie Fiore, and Miyoung Jeoung. 2007. Measuring Experience Economy Concepts: Tourism Applications. Journal of Travel Research46: 119–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  29. Parahalad, Coimbatore Krishna, and Venkat Ramaswamy. 2004. Co-creating Unique Value with Customers. Strategy and Leadership 32: 4–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Park, Sanghun, and Carla Almeida Santos. 2016. Exploring the Tourist Experience: A Sequential Approach. Journal of Travel Research 56: 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Pine, Joseph B., and James H. Gilmore. 1999. The Experience Economy: Work Is a Theatre and every Business a Stage. Cambridge: Harvard Business School. [Google Scholar]
  32. Pitana, I. Gede, and Putu G. Gayatri. 2005. Sosiologi Pariwisata. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. [Google Scholar]
  33. Poulsson, Susanne H. G., and Sudhir H. Kale. 2004. The Experience Economy and Commercial Experiences. The Marketing Review 4: 267–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Personal, Social and Humanities Education (PSHE). 2013. Tourism and Hospitality Studies; Introduction to Tourism. Available online: http://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/kla/pshe/nss-curriculum/tourism-and-hospitality-studies/Tourism_English_19_June.pdf (accessed on 27 January 2016).
  35. Ramos, Célia M. Q., and Paulo M. M. Rodrigues. 2013. Research Note: The Importance of Online Tourism Demand. Tourism Economics 19: 1443–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  36. Riduwan. 2009. Aplikasi Statistika dan Metode Penelitian untuk. Administrasi dan Manajemen. Bandung: Dewa Ruci. [Google Scholar]
  37. Ritchie, Brent W. 2003. Managing Educational Tourism. Great Britain: Cromwelll Press. [Google Scholar]
  38. Ritchie, J. R., and Simon Hudson. 2009. Understanding and Meeting the Challenges of Customer/Tourist Experience Research. International Journal of Tourism Research 11: 111–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. Smith, Athena. 2013. The Role of Educational Tourism in Raising Academic Standards. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 2: 1–7. [Google Scholar]
  40. Song, Haiyan, and Lindsay Turner. 2006. Tourism Demand Forecasting. In International Handbook on the Economics of Tourism. London: Edward Elgar. [Google Scholar]
  41. Stuart, F. Ian, and Stephen Tax. 2004. Toward an Integrative Approach to Designing Service Experiences. Lessons Learned from the Theatre 22: 609–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  42. Swarbrooke, John. 2002. The Development and Management of Visitors Attractions. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. [Google Scholar]
  43. Tarssanen, Sanna. 2005. Handbook for Experience Tourism Agents. Rovaniemi: University of Lapland Press. [Google Scholar]
  44. Taylor, Shane. 2006. Theorizing Educational Tourism: Practices, Impacts, and Regulation in Ecuador. New York: Columbia University. [Google Scholar]
  45. Timothy, Dallen J., and Gyan P. Nyaupane. 2009. Heritage Tourism and Its Impacts: Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World: A Regional Perspective. London: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  46. Tourism Product Development Strategy (TPDS). 2007. Available online: http://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/4_Corporate_Documents/Strategy_Operations_Plans/Tourism-Product-Development-Strategy-2007–2013.pdf?ext=.pdf (accessed on 18 January 2016).
  47. Tourism Policy Review Group (TPRG). 2003. New Horizons for Irish Tourism, an Agenda for Action. Available online: http://www.dttas.ie/sites/default/files/publications/tourism/english/executive-summary-tourism-renewal-group-report-sept-2009/tourismreviewreport03.pdf (accessed on 18 January 2016).
  48. Urry, John. 2002. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, 2nd ed. London: Sage. [Google Scholar]
  49. Van der Duim, René. 2007. Tourism scapes: An actor-network perspective on sustainable tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research 34: 961–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Vengesayi, Sebastian. 2003. A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness and Attractiveness. Available online: http://www.anzmac.org/conference_archive/2003/papers/CON20_vengesayis.pdf (accessed on 23 December 2014).
  51. Verma, Rohit, Gerhard Plaschka, and Jordan J. Louviere. 2002. Understanding customer choices: a key to successful management of hospitality services. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administrative Quarterly 43: 15–24. Available online: http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=articles (accessed on 20 January 2016). [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Wang, Bin, and Shen Li. 2008. Education Tourism Market in China An Exlorative Study in Dalian. International Journal of Business and Management 3: 44–49. [Google Scholar]
  53. Yoeti, Oka A. 2008. Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Pariwisata. Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita. [Google Scholar]

Cari

Bidang Ilmu

Kategori

Kiriman Terbaru